 Does your school system have an established method or strategies which assist teachers and administrators in determining the K-12 curriculum? Each year, parents send their children to school with the hopes that the teachers and the educational experiences offered will prepare students for the next grade level and for life in an ever changing, interdependent world. Should each teacher determine the curriculum? According to DuFour (2004), “Despite compelling evidence indicating that working collaboratively represents best practice, teachers in many schools continue to work in isolation. Even in schools that endorse the idea of collaboration, the staff's willingness to collaborate often stops at the classroom door” (p. 8). The following strategies will assist collaborative teams of professional educators in unwrapping state standards, prioritizing curriculum, aligning skills and concepts which spiral throughout the curriculum, and most importantly begin a conversation about the essential curriculum (a.k.a., Power Standards – See Ainsworth). Select one strategy and begin developing your plan for students. Strategies for Determining the K-12 Curriculum I. Unwrapping Standards: “Unwrapped standards provide clarity as to what students must know and be able to do. When teachers take the time to analyze each standard and identify essential concepts and skills, the result is more effective instructional planning, assessment, and student learning” (Ainsworth, 2003, p. 1). For the process, seeUnwrapping Standards: A Simple Process to Make Standards Manageable (Ainsworth, 2003) II. Curriculum Mapping: “Choosing important knowledge, sequencing it well, and getting it behind every classroom door in every grade” is an important part of ensuring that all students receive a rigorous and relevant education (Parker, 1991, p. 84). For the process, see Mapping the Big Picture: Integrating Curriculum and Assessment K-12 (Jacobs, 1997). See Using Curriculum Mapping and Assessment Data to Improve Learning (Kallick & Colosimo, 2009) III. Identify Declarative and Procedural Knowledge: Jane Pollock (2007) distinguished between declarative (content mastery) and procedural (skill mastery) knowledge. She wrote, “In a curriculum document, the statements of declarative knowledge (facts, concepts, generalizations and principles) are identified by the words understands or knows” (p. 35) that “serve as placeholders for active verbs, which translate into activities and experiences that help students organize declarative knowledge.” For procedural knowledge, a statement of student learning would begin with “a verb that describes the steps that need to be practiced to attain automaticity such as add, compose, sing, draw, or graph” (p. 36). The latter requires extensive repetition and practice. Does your school system’s curriculum clarify the difference between declarative and procedural knowledge which is guaranteed to be taught at each grade level? IV. Clarify Content Priorities: “Because we typically face more content than we can reasonably address, and because it is often presented as if everything were equally important for students, we are obliged to make choices and frame priorities” (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005, p. 70). Planning Tool - See Figure 3.3 (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005, p. 71). V. Use Dr. Reeves’ Criteria for Identifying Power Standards: a) Endurance b) Leverage c) Readiness for the next level of learning Use the following question: What do your students need for success – in school (this year, next year, and so on), in life, and on your state tests” (Ainsworth, 2003, p. 14)? VI. Determine What You Won’t Teach: Jacobs reminds educators, “Given the limited time you have with your students, curriculum design has become more and more an issue of deciding what you won’t teach as well as what you will teach. You cannot do it all. As a designer, you must choose the essential” (as cited by Ainsworth, 2003, p. 12). Conclusion: Wiggins and McTighe (2005), wrote, “In the absence of a learning plan with clear goals, how likely is it that students will develop shared understandings on which future lessons might build” (p. 21)? If your school system does not have a common curriculum, select one of the strategies above and watch student achievement soar. References: Ainsworth, L. (2003). Power standards: Identifying the standards that matter the most. Englewood, CO: Lead + Learn Press. Ainsworth, L. (2003). Unwrapping the standards: A simple process to make standards manageable. Englewood, CO: Lead + Learn Press. DuFour, R.(2004, May). What is a professional learning community? Educational Leadership, 61(8), 6-11. Jacobs, H.H. (1997). Mapping the big picture: Integrating curriculum & Assessment K-12. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Kallick, B., & Colosimo, J. (2009). Using curriculum mapping and assessment data to improve learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Parker, W. C. (1991). Renewing the social studies curriculum. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Pollock, J. E. (2007). Improving student learning one teacher at a time. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design: Expanded 2nd edition. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Add Comment Force Field Analysis 06/24/2009
 Do opposing forces prevent your school system from aligning the curriculum? Opposing forces include time, co-workers, competing district initiatives, changes in leadership, and the failure to define the purpose for curriculum alignment efforts. Educators are aware of the need for curriculum alignment, yet most school systems struggle with making curriculum alignment an ongoing process. A planning tool named the Force Field Analysis will provide your team with valuable data regarding the opposing forces which interfere with curriculum alignment efforts. The Force Field Analysis is a simple but powerful technique for building an understanding of the forces that will drive and resist a proposed change. The attached document provides a template for teachers and teacher teams. The Force Field Analysis can also be used for other educational goals which are difficult to achieve due to opposing forces. Additional information regarding this tool is available at: Force Field Analysis 
What is the Purpose of Your K-12 Curriculum? 05/13/2009
 Smedley said, "A speech without a purpose is like a journey without a destination" (as cited by Koegel, 2007, p. 34). The same can be said about curriculum development. A curriculum without a purpose is like a journey without a destination. Do the teachers and administrators in your school system have agreed upon learning outcomes for students at the end of each grade level? Do teachers and administrators have time scheduled throughout the school year to discuss which instructional strategies are working with certain grade levels or even with individual students? The list below contains several of the skills and understandings that most teachers and parents would agree students should develop during the K-12 experience(s). If a parent moved from another state or country and asked teachers in your school district which skills and understandings are taught in the seventh grade, would the parent receive the same answer from teachers at three different middle schools? Using the list below, add skills and understandings that you feel are missing. Are some of the identified skills more essential than others? Should some of the skills be taught in each grade, K-12? Should some of the skills be deemphasized due to the skills required by a changing workforce? Most importantly, what is the purpose for including each of these skills or understandings in the K-12 curriculum? Is your district's current curriculum meeting its intended purpose? What can be done to realign the district's curiculum in order to meet the agreed upon purposes during the 2009-2010 school year? 1. Citizenship 2. Geographic Awareness 3. Decoding Skills 4. 21st Century Learning Skills 5. Presentation Skills 6. Writing Skills 7. Problem Solving Skills 8. World Languages 9. Literacy Skills 10. Self-Awareness 11. Character Education 12. Healthful Living 13. Personal Financial Literacy 14. Apply Mathematics in a variety of settings 15. Communication Skills 16. The Arts 17. Career Development 18. Interview Skills 19. Critical Thinking Skills 20. How to Apply Skills and Understandings "All learners benefit from and should receive instruction that reflects clarity about purposes and priorities of content." - Carol Ann Tomlinson and Jay McTighe References: Koegel, T.J. (2007). The exceptional presenter. Austin, TX: Greenleaf Book Group Press. Tomlinson, C.A., & McTighe, J. (2006). Integrating differentiated instruction and understanding by design. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Behind the Classroom Door 04/21/2009
 Thoughts for Teachers and Teacher Teams: During the curriculum development process, educators will experience change and various strategies will require that educators have a clear understanding of the differences between first order change and second order change  Benefits 
Recently, I read a book written by Malcolm Gladwell titled, Outliers. Gladwell (2008) wrote, "Marita doesn't need a brand new school with acres of playing fields and gleaming facilities. She doesn't need a laptop, a smaller class, a teacher with a PhD, or a bigger apartment......All those things would be nice, of course. But they miss the point. Marita just needed a chance" (p. 268-269). Curriculum Defined 04/01/2009
According to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000), TWITTER 03/06/2009
What is Twitter? According to the official web site, Twitter allows teachers, friends and family members to “stay connected through the exchange of quick, frequent answers to one simple question: What are you doing?” | AuthorSteven Weber is the Director of Secondary Instruction for Orange County Schools in Hillsborough, NC. Weber has served as a classroom teacher, assistant principal, and state department of education consultant in Arkansas and North Carolina. He consults school systems in aligning their curriculum and in unpacking curriculum standards. ArchivesOctober 2010 CategoriesAll | ||||||||
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